Eolienne 2.0 du Gridlab: travail de bachelor : diplôme 2016

Mettre en place un modèle simulant le fonctionnement d’une grande éolienne en tenant compte de plusieurs paramètres tels que la vitesse du vent, la vitesse de rotation et le couple de la turbine, l’angle des pâles et le type d’éolienne

Non-averaged regularized formulations as an alternative to semi-analytical orbit propagation methods

This paper is concerned with the comparison of semi-analytical and non-averaged propagation methods for Earth satellite orbits. We analyse the total integration error for semi-analytical methods and propose a novel decomposition into dynamical, model truncation, short-periodic, and numerical error components. The first three are attributable to distinct approximations required by the method of averaging, which fundamentally limit the attainable accuracy. In contrast, numerical error, the only component present in non-averaged methods, can be significantly mitigated by employing adaptive numerical algorithms and regularized formulations of the equations of motion. We present a collection of non-averaged methods based on the integration of existing regularized formulations of the equations of motion through an adaptive solver. We implemented the collection in the orbit propagation code THALASSA, which we make publicly available, and we compared the non-averaged methods to the semi-analytical method implemented in the orbit propagation tool STELA through numerical tests involving long-term propagations (on the order of decades) of LEO, GTO, and high-altitude HEO orbits. For the test cases considered, regularized non-averaged methods were found to be up to two times slower than semi-analytical for the LEO orbit, to have comparable speed for the GTO, and to be ten times as fast for the HEO (for the same accuracy). We show for the first time that efficient implementations of non-averaged regularized formulations of the equations of motion, and especially of non-singular element methods, are attractive candidates for the long-term study of high-altitude and highly elliptical Earth satellite orbits.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables. Part of the CMDA Topical Collection on "50 years of Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy". Comments and feedback are encourage

Basal metabolic rate of canidae from hot deserts to cold arctic climates

Canids form the most widely distributed family within the order Carnivora, with members present in a multitude of different environments from cold arctic to hot, dry deserts. We reviewed the literature and compared 24 data sets available on the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 12 canid species, accounting for body mass and climate, to examine inter- and intraspecific variations in mass-adjusted BMR between 2 extreme climates (arctic and hot desert). Using both conventional and phylogenetically independent analysis of covariance, we found that canids from the arctic climate zone had significantly higher mass-adjusted BMR than species from hot deserts. Canids not associated with either arctic or desert climates had an intermediate and more variable mass-adjusted BMR. The climate effect also was significant at the intraspecific level in species for which we had data in 2 different climates. Arctic and desert climates represent contrasting combinations of ambient temperatures and water accessibility that require opposite physiological adaptations in terms of metabolism. The fact that BMR varies within species when individuals are subjected to different climate regimes further suggests that climate is an important determinant of BMR

Protocols for field and laboratory rodent studies

http://www.ceropath.org/references/rodent_protocols_bookTechnical book"Protocols for field and laboratory rodent studies" present the best practices for the studies of rodents and rodent-borne pathogens and parasites from the field to the laboratory. It aims at covering the different steps of rodent studies: 1) Trapping, 2) Dissection and preparation of tissue samples for pathogens screening, 3) Identification of species, 4) Isolation of helminths, 5) Preparing rodent specimens for collections. This book gathers accurate recommendations and techniques, based on those generally accepted in the literature and adapted from the experience of the different authors during rodent surveys and laboratory work. Its presentation is designed to work in the fields with a clear and colorful organization of each chapter, with: inserts providing definitions and recommendations, protocols detailed step by step, and an emphasis on illustrations with several photographs. This book is a publication generated by the CERoPath project (Community Ecology of Rodents and their Pathogens in a changing environment, www.ceropath.org) funded by the French Ministry of Research from 2008 to 2011

Toxoplasmosis in Rodents: Ecological Survey and First Evidences in Thailand.

International audienceDomestic and wild rodents known as the most abundant and diversified order of mammals have a key role in the ecological food chain and also in the transmission of parasites and pathogens to other animals. While foraging on the ground, they can get infected by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, which is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Therefore, they serve as intermediate hosts of T. gondii and can transmit it to their predators. To assess their role in the maintenance of T. gondii lifecycle in Thailand, we sampled rodents in a range of biotopes representative of the high biodiversity and conducted a serological survey with latex agglutination test to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies. Overall, 21 of 461 (4.6%) rodents had diagnostically significant antibody titers (cutoff, 1:64). Every species with at least 37 individuals captured tested positive, confirming the wide range of potential mammalian hosts of toxoplasmosis. None of the ecological traits (sex, maturity, morphology, season, or habitat) was found significant to predict the susceptibility to T. gondii both univariately and in a multivariate analysis. However, high prevalences were reported in either forested or anthropized areas. This survey constitutes the first confirmed serological investigation of T. gondii in rodents in Thailand. The rarity of both domestic and wild felids in Thailand emphasizes the importance of rodents in maintaining T. gondii, and questions the involvement of other carnivores in the life cycle

Relationship of parasites and pathogens diversity to rodents in Thailand

International audienceRodents have proven to be of increasing importance in transmitting diseases to humans in recent decades, through the emergence of worldwide epidemics and, in Thailand, through the emergence of leptospirosis and scrub typhus. Investigations of parasites and pathogens in murine rodents have helped to describe the implication of the main species and understand the different ways of transmission. From wild to anthropized habitats, rodents can be reservoirs, hosts or vectors of infectious organisms. Related species can react very differently to the same pathogens, with pivotal implications for the understanding of their natural circulation. Scrub typhus is transmitted to humans through the bites of trombiculid mites that have previously fed on infected rodents, generally occurring in wild habitats. Leptospirosis can affect people without any direct contact with infected rodents, but by indirect spread in agricultural areas. Parasitic diseases, such as toxoplasmosis and trypanosomiasis benefit from the proximity of rodents to domesticated animals to jump from one vector to another before reaching humans. By occupying almost all biotopes and by rapidly adapting to environmental changes, rodents are fundamental in the maintenance and transmission of an impressive number of infectious organisms to humans